When to Consider Surgery for Your Hammertoe

Hammertoe often starts as a mild inconvenience, but without early intervention, it can progress to a painful and rigid condition. While nonsurgical treatments may work for early-stage hammertoe, there are times when surgery becomes the best option for relief and restoring foot function.

Joseph Hall, DPM, FACFAS, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon at Mill Creek Foot & Ankle Clinic has years of experience diagnosing and treating hammertoe. From conservative therapies to advanced surgical techniques, Dr. Hall is dedicated to helping patients in Mill Creek, Washington, regain their comfort and mobility.

Hammertoes are a common foot issue, usually affecting the second, third, or fourth toes. This condition causes the middle joint of the toe to bend downward, creating a hammer-like shape.

Below, we explain the causes of hammertoe, symptoms to watch for, and when surgery may be necessary.

What causes hammertoe?

Ill-fitting shoes are the most common culprit behind hammertoe. Tight, narrow, or high-heeled footwear can force toes into unnatural positions, leading to muscle and tendon imbalances. Over time, these imbalances cause the toe to bend and stay in that position.

Certain conditions, such as arthritis or bunions, can also contribute to hammertoe. Bunions, for example, may push the big toe against the second toe, forcing it into a bent position.

Symptoms of hammertoe

Hammertoe symptoms often start with difficulty straightening the affected toe. Other symptoms include:

• Pain at the top of the toe or the ball of the foot
• Corns caused by toe rubbing against shoes
• Calluses on the underside of the foot
• Swelling and redness around the affected area
• Limited mobility as the toe becomes stiffer

Nonsurgical treatments for hammertoe

When hammertoe is in its early, flexible stage, nonsurgical treatments can often alleviate discomfort and prevent further progression. These include:

• Footwear changes: Opting for shoes with a wide toe box and low heels
• Orthotic devices: Custom 3D orthotics to redistribute pressure and improve alignment
• Toe splints or pads: To help straighten the toe or reduce friction
• Physical therapy: Stretching exercises to improve muscle flexibility
• Medication: Anti-inflammatory treatments, such as corticosteroid injections, to reduce pain and swelling

When hammertoe requires surgery

If the toe becomes rigid or nonsurgical methods fail to relieve symptoms, surgery may be the best option. Dr. Hall may recommend one of the following procedures based on the severity of your condition:

• Tendon transfer: Redirecting tendons to straighten a flexible hammertoe
• Joint resection: Removing part of the bone to allow the toe to move freely
• Fusion: Straightening the toe and permanently stabilizing it by fusing bones

Hammertoe surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis, and most patients can return home the same day. Recovery time varies depending on the procedure, but rest, elevation, and follow-up care are essential for a full recovery.

Take action early

Ignoring hammertoe symptoms can lead to worsening pain and complications. If you’re experiencing discomfort or stiffness, schedule an appointment with Dr. Hall at Mill Creek Foot & Ankle Clinic in Mill Creek, Washington. Early intervention can save you from long-term issues and help you get back to doing the things you love.